tzadik

In Judaism, tzadik is a title that conveys righteousness and is used to indicate an individual who embodies exceptional piety and holiness.

typhus

A severe and dangerous infectious disease that led to the death of tens of thousands of prisoners in Nazi concentration camps, including Anne Frank. Typhus is caused by bacteria transmitted by lice or fleas. The overcrowding, the lack of bathing or laundry facilities, and the undernourishment typical of the camp environment allowed the disease to spread rapidly. Typhus can be treated with antibiotics, but as these were not available to Nazi prisoner populations, surviving the illness depended on an individual's resistance. SS doctors initially attached little importance to combating the causes of typhus in camps, but were encouraged to take preventive measures in the face of epidemic typhus that infected camp authorities as well as prisoners. Mass selection for the gas chambers of people with symptoms of typhus, more frequent fumigation of clothing, the disinfection of barracks, and showers for prisoners were among the means used to fight the typhus epidemic.

typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by salmonella typhi bacteria. It is common in places with poor sanitation and insufficient access to clean drinking water, and is often spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include prolonged high fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation or diarrhea. Severe cases may lead to serious complications or even death.

Orthodox

An approach or perspective that aligns with long-established principles. In a religious or ideological context, orthodox refers to an adherence to traditional beliefs and practices.

Orthodox Judaism is not a unified movement with a single governing body, but many different movements adhering to common principles, above all strict adherence to traditional Jewish laws, customs, and teachings as outlined in the Torah and the Talmud. Its followers believe in the divine origin of Jewish law and follow traditional practices and rituals for daily prayer, dietary laws, and observance of the Sabbath.

Nazi Germany

Refers to Germany during the period from 1933 to 1945, under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP). The official designation of Nazi Germany as the "Third Reich" was intended to place the Nazi regime in a 1000-year historical lineage, reaching back to the Holy Roman Empire (Heiliges Römisches Reich, 800-1806) and the German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, from 1871-1919). [...]