Members of armed groups formed to fight against enemy occupation. During World War II, partisan groups were formed throughout Nazi-occupied territories as paramilitary units and to provide shelter for civilians, particularly Jews, fleeing persecution and murder. From remote, hidden forest camps, partisans mounted clandestine attacks on Nazi personnel and infrastructure.
Code name for a campaign beginning in the fall of 1941 aimed at the systematic murder of all Jews living in the Generalgouvernement. Named after Reinhard Heydrich, one of the key architects of the "Final Solution," Operation "Reinhard" (Aktion Reinhard) mandated the most deadly phase of the Holocaust. Between 1942 and 1943, 1.7 million Jews were murdered in the three killing centers at Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka, which were established under Operation "Reinhard" and which drew personnel and experience in systematic mass murder from the T4 "euthanasia" program in Germany.
[...]
Code name for the Nazi campaign in the fall of 1943 with the objective of murdering all remaining Jews in the Lublin district of the Generalgouvernement in German-occupied Poland. In the largest Nazi massacre of the war, nearly 42,000 Jews were killed over two days beginning November 3, 1943.
[...]
Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union beginning on June 22, 1941, in violation of the 1939 non-aggression pact between Germany and the U.S.S.R. Nazi Germany deployed massive military resources in Operation "Barbarossa", with the intent of waging a war of annihilation against the Jewish population and the communist U.S.S.R. Significant early German gains were slowed and eventually reversed by the Red Army.
Beginning in November 1946, Nazi leaders stood trial before an International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, Germany. Suspected Nazi criminals were investigated for charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity and tried before a panel of judges representing the Allied nations of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. Of the 21 high-ranking Nazi officials who appeared before the IMT, 19 were convicted and twelve were sentenced to death.
[...]