German word meaning “realm,” “kingdom,” or “empire.” The term Reich is used to refer to the Holy Roman Empire (Heiliges Römisches Reich, 800-1806) and the German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, from 1871-1919). From 1933 to 1945, the official designation of the Nazi regime in Germany as the “Third Reich" was intended to place the Nazi regime in a 1000-year historical lineage. The designation "Reich" (or "Reichs-" in compound words) was used in Nazi government organization names and titles to indicate national authority and high rank.
A quota designates a number or percentage allotted to a specific group of persons to limit their participation. In Nazi Germany, quotas were introduced in 1933 to limit the number of Jewish students admitted to German public schools and universities to less than 1.5%. Also commonly used in immigration policies of many countries, including the United States, quotas regulate the number of immigrants from a specific country of origin allowed to settle in a country.
A German word describing a secretly plotted, violent attempt to overthrow a government (syn. coup d’état).
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Meeting between the leaders of the United States, the U.S.S.R., and Great Britain held at Cecilienhof in Potsdam from July 17-August 2, 1945, after Germany's surrender. U.S. president Harry S. Truman, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, and British prime minister Winston Churchill came together to determine the borders of post-war Europe and the handling of defeated Germany.
The word originated in Russia in the 19th century and designates violent antisemitic attacks by non-Jewish populations against Jewish communities in Russia and Eastern Europe between 1880 and 1921. Pogroms were sometimes encouraged by the government and local authorities. In November 1938, the Nazi regime incited the Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews throughout the Reich. Pogrom is now used to refer more broadly to waves of violence targeting Jews or other ethnic groups.
