Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. During World War II, Salazar maintained strict neutrality for Portugal and pursued a balanced relationship with Axis and Allied powers.
Although Portugal remained restrictive where Jewish immigration was concerned, Salazar's regime did allow a limited number of Jewish refugees to transit through Portugal en route to other final destinations.
A longtime, dedicated teacher at La Escuela de Cristóbal Colón in Sosúa, Dominican Republic. Unlike most of his fellow refugees on the island, Hess arrived before World War II erupted, married a local woman who converted to Judaism, raised a family with her, and remained in Sosúa for the rest of his life. Jewish immigrants typically saw the Dominican Republic as a temporary refuge, but Hess made it his home.
Dictator of Spain from 1939, when he led Spanish nationalist forces in a military coup against the democratically elected Spanish Republic during the extremely violent Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Franco remained in power until 1973. […]
A high-ranking Nazi official and lawyer, Hans Frank was appointed Governor of the Generalgouvernement of Nazi-occupied Poland. He attended the Wannsee conference and was integral to the planning and logistics of the Holocaust. Frank was found guilty of war crimes and hanged in 1946.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940-1945. Churchill succeeded Neville Chamberlain after his resignation in May 1940 and led a coalition government throughout World War II. Together with U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, Churchill led the Allies to victory in the war.