The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was created in 1948 to address the refugee and displaced persons crisis in Europe in the aftermath of World War II. The IRO assumed most of the functions of its predecessor, the UNRRA (1943-1947).
Refers to an influential ethical and philosophical system originating in China with the teachings of Confucius (551-479 BCE).
The Trading with the Enemy Act was first passed by the U.S. Congress in 1917 to prevent trade with Germany and its allies in World War I. During World War II, the Act was used to freeze the assets of Axis powers.
The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) was established in 1914 as a philanthropic organization to channel financial support from the U.S. to Jewish populations in eastern Europe during World War I. The JDC--also known as "the Joint"--distributed nearly $100 million in aid to European Jews between 1939 and 1950, in funding for rescue operations, underground organizations, children’s shelters, immigration support and direct relief to refugees.
A main boulevard through the center of Berlin, the capital of Germany.