The Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia were occupied by Germany on March 15, 1939 and annexed to the Reich as a territory under Nazi administration. Reinhard Heydrich was appointed Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia in September 1941, and established the Theresienstadt concentration camp and ghetto near Terezin. Approximately 78,000 of the c. 92,000 Jews living in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1941 were killed in the Holocaust. […]
A subcamp of the Majdanek camp system. Jewish prisoners selected for forced labor in the armaments sector were incarcerated at Poniatowa from October 1942. Poniatowa was the largest Jewish labor camp in the Generalgouvernement. All of its prisoners--approximately 15,000 people--were murdered during Operation "Harvest Festival" on November 3-4, 1943.
A Nazi concentration camp established in August 1938 in Austria following the Anschluss. Mauthausen was used primarily for the imprisonment of “asocials” and convicted criminals considered to have little potential for rehabilitation. Political opponents, religious objectors (i.e. Jehovah’s Witnesses), prisoners of war and Jews were also detained at the camp, which operated until May 1945. Approximately 95,000 prisoners were killed at Mauthausen using several different means including gas chambers and Zyklon B gas, asphyxiation in mobile gas vans, shooting, hanging, and as the result of mistreatment.
A Nazi concentration camp and killing center located in the Lublin District of the Generalgouvernement in eastern Poland, established in late 1941. Tens of thousands were murdered in gas chambers and shooting operations at Majdanek, including between 15,000-20,000 Jews who were killed on November 3-4, 1943 during Operation “Harvest Festival,” in what was the largest massacre on a single day during the Holocaust. The camp was evacuated in July 1944, just days before it was liberated by Soviet forces.
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Established in 1940 as a satellite of Sachsenhausen concentration camp, from 1941 Gross-Rosen became the administrative center of an industrial complex comprising 97 subcamps where prisoners performed forced labor in armaments production and for German industry in privately-owned factories.
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