The Polish city of Lublin and its environs was one of the most vibrant Jewish centers before the Holocaust, with approximately 40,000 Jewish inhabitants. After the Nazi invasion and the establishment of the Generalgouvernement, Lublin became the capital of the occupied Lublin District. Jews were quickly targeted by the Nazis and forced into ghettos in March 1941. The next year mass deportations sent most of the Jewish population to their deaths in Nazi concentration camps and killing centers.
Between 1892 and 1954, some 12 million immigrants to the United States passed through the immigration inspection station at Ellis Island in New York Harbor.
Established in summer 1944 as a subcamp in the Dachau concentration camp system, Kaufering housed prisoners who provided labor on construction sites for subterranean aircraft production facilities, which were to be built underground in order to hide them from Allied bombs. Harsh conditions in the eleven Kaufering camps and associated construction sites led to a high death rate: approximately half of the 30,000 Kaufering prisoners--primarily Jews transported to the camp from Auschwitz--died between July 1944 and April 1945.
A narrow territory located between the Bug and Dniester rivers along the former border between Romania and Ukraine in what is today Moldova. Transnistria was annexed to Romania after German and Romanian troops conquered the Ukraine in 1941, and the Axis-aligned Romanian government immediately began deporting Jews from throughout Romania to camps and ghettos in the region. Between 150,000-250,000 Jews from Romania and Ukraine were murdered or died as a result of maltreatment and poor conditions in Transnistria.
