Jewish underground fighters resist the Nazi liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto. The fighters, most in their teens, launch the first large scale armed revolt against the Nazis in all of occupied Europe. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising marks a heroic moment in which untrained Jewish fighting cells hold off Nazi forces brought in to suppress the revolt for 43 days. By June, Jewish underground organizations marshal armed resistance in several other ghettos, including Bedzin, Bialystok, Czestochowa, Sosnowiec, Lvov and Tarnow.
Nazis and collaborators deport over 50,000 Greek Jews, most from Salonika, to Treblinka and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
As Nazi forces deport more than 5,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto, the Jewish Fighting Organziation leads an armed revolt which temporarily halts transports to Treblinka.
Allied forces open another front by attacking Italian and Nazi troops in North Africa and thereby stretch Nazi military capacity.
Most of the remaining Jews in Germany are deported to Theresienstadt and Auschwitz-Birkenau. By May 1943, Nazis declare that the Reich is "judenrein," or free of Jews.
